Topic: Sam Shamsi and swmm-online-com
Sam as an interesting blog or web page with other GIS and SWMM links including his well known annual Top 10 list about various Stormwater modeling subjects. The link is \
http://sites.google.com/site/shamsigisapplications/3-my-web-sites/swmm-online-com
Subject: The Pump summary table of SWMM5.0.022 and the Percent Time off Columns
The pump summary table at the end of the SWMM 5 report file has two columns for the time off the pump curve BUT the two columns are only informative if the pump is a type 4 pump. If the pump type is 1, 2 or 3 then the low column is always 0 and when the volume, depth or head is either below the lowest point in the point curve or above the highest point in the pump curve the pump summary table lists the time off either low or high in the High column.
xMin is the 1st point in the pump curve for either volume, depth, head or depth, respectively for pump1, pump2, pump3 and pump4 type pumps
xMax is the last point in the pump curve for either volume, depth, head or depth, respectively for pump1, pump2, pump3 and pump4 type pumps
Subject: Dual Drainage in SWMM 5
The purpose of the Dual Drainage tool in InfoSWMM is to create a major or street drainage network on top of an existing pipe or what is called the minor network in dual drainage. The created major network has a node (sometimes called the inlet node) on top of the existing minor network node connected by two OUTLET links. One outlet link takes the flow from the street and passes it to the minor network node, the second outlet link takes the surcharged minor network flow and passes it to the major network or street – the direction of flow is important (Figure 1). The general purpose of the Captured OUTLET is to use a head or depth equation to separate the street incoming flow into captured flow and bypass flow
Figure 1. Dual Drainage in General
Figure 2. How it looks in SWMM 5 with node, outlet and conduit elements.
Topic: Example Dual Drainage SWMM 5 model
Heat waves and extreme rainfall in the past decade are probably linked to global warming, according to a study by scientists at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research.
“For some types of extreme, notably heat waves but also precipitation extremes, there is now strong evidence linking specific events or an increase in their number to the human influence on climate,” the scientists wrote in a study published in the journal Nature Climate Change.
The past decade included Europe’s hottest summer in at least 500 years in 2003, according to the scientists. 2010 brought western Russia’s hottest summer in centuries and record rain in Pakistan and Australia, they wrote. Japan and some U.S. states registered all-time-high rainfall last year, while the Yangtze River basin in China had a record drought.
Basic physics exercises suggest that warming of the atmosphere leads to more extremes, according to the institute. For example, warm air can hold more moisture that may fall as rain, the scientists wrote. Computer simulations confirm the relation between warming and record temperatures and rainfall, the study showed.
The recent high incidence of weather records is “no longer normal,” according to Dim Coumou, the lead author of the study.
To contact the reporter on this story: Rudy Ruitenberg in Paris at rruitenberg@bloomberg.net
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Claudia Carpenter atccarpenter2@bloomberg.net
